1 ȸ â: ڽƮ(Costco Wholesale)
۳ ̸Ʈڿ ū ġŲ ָӴϰ Һڵ ߱ ̳ǰ ߴ. Ϲ ü Ưǰ ϸ鼭 Һڵ Ȥϴµ, ̷ ̳ǰ Ȱϴ ǥȸ簡 ڽƮڴ. ڽƮڴ 1985 ֵ ڸ 1.5 ȱ Ͽ 25 ѵ ϰ ִ. ۳ ̸Ʈ ڽƮڿ һڸ ϴ ̸Ʈ Ʈ̴ Īϸ鼭 ڽƮڿ ߴµ, ڽƮڰ ̱淡 մ ġŷ ϴ ϱ?
ȸ â ź: Needs äֱ
ڽƮڴ FY2010(8 ) 779 , 20 ̱ 3, 8 Ҹžü. ȸ â Ҹžڷθ Ʈ Ŭ ġ ̱ 1 ϰ ִ. Ŭ , ȿ ڽƮڰ е .
ڽƮڴ ִ ӽ óװ(James Sinegal) (Jeffrey Brotman) 1983 âߴ. ڽƮڴ ȸ â ƴϾ. ȸ â ̽Ŭ(Price Club)̾µ, ܻ ̽(Sol Price) Ƶ 1976 Ͽ.
̽ ̽Ŭ 1970 ȭ Ѵ. ̱ žڵ 鼭 ȭǸ鼭 žڵ ڿ ϰ Ǿ. Ҹ, , ȣ žڵ鿡 Ͽ Ͽµ, ̵ ϸ鼭 ū ް ȴ. ֳϸ žڵ鿡 ־ SOHO ǰϴ ҷ̱ ȿ ̸ ѽ ߱ ̴. ٷ ̶ ̽ ó һڸ Ͽ ȸ Ż ϰ ̴.
ڽƮڴ ̽Ŭ 7 ʰ , ⺻ ̽Ŭ ϸ鼭 ǰ ǰ ķǰ, ָ, Ǿǰ Ȯϰ, Ϲ Ȯϸ鼭 ̽Ŭ ذ. ̳ ڽƮ â ӽ óװ ù ٷ ̽ ߴ Fed Martٴ ̴. ٵ ̽ ־, â ӽ ǹ ȣ ̾ Ȯ忡 ʿ ڱ Ȯ ͵ ̽Ŭ ־.
̷ ĶϾ 迡 ִ ̽Ŭ ڽƮڴ 1993 պ ϰ ǰ, ĶϾ ٰԴĿ ߸鼭 ̱ ִ . Ŭ ̽Ŭ μϰ ; ߴµ, Ŭ μǾ ڽƮڴ .
ݰ Ȯ ȯå Һڸ Ű ⺻
ڽƮڴ ֿ켱 Ѵ. ֵ ո Һ һڴ. Ŭ̳ BJ's Wholesale Club ٴ ϴ ϴ Ͱ ȭǴ Ʈ. ȸ λ ؿ 85~90%ؿ ȴ. ŷ ٴ Ȯ 漺 ־ ̰, 濵ȹ ϴ Ϳ ɼ ִ 鿡 ߿ϴ.
ڽƮڰ ϴ ū ġ ̴. Һڿ ϱ ִ.
ù°, Ǹ ǰ پȭ ʰ ٽ ǵ ϰ ƴ ũ Ǹϴ ̴. SKU(Ǹ ǰ ) 50,000 , ڽƮڴ 1/10 ʴ´. ǰ ̱ ־ üκ ΰ ǰ ް ϰ ִ. SKU ȿ ִ ȿ ִ. ƴϱ ǰ ǰ Ǯ, ҷ ϴ ο ʿ , ׳ ǰ ¿ ȷƮ ٴڿ Ƶ ä ȾƵ ū ʴ´. ̷ κп ǰ ū ִ ̴.
°, Kirkland üǰ귣 ҽ ÷ ΰ Һڿ ϵ Ѵ. 1995 Kirkland귣 FY2010 20% Ȯ밡 Ǿ, ǰ ķ, Ƿ Ÿ ǰ ϰ ִ. ȸ 2015 30% ÷ ϰ ŭ Һڿ ݿ ȹ̴. Kirkland귣 ۷ι ҽü ߱ Ȯ ̴. Kirkland ڽƮڰ ó ȸ縦 ̸ Ǿ.
°, ʿ ̴ ̴. ڿ ȰϿ ҵϰų, ī峪 ſīθ ϰ ν Ḧ ̴ ͵ . ̷ ̴ ŭ Һڿ ΰ ִ.
Ʈ Ÿٺ ġ ݰ ٷ å ̴. ڽƮڴ ͷ 15% ʰ ʴ ̵ Ѵ. 1989 繫ǥ ͷ 10% 12% Ǿ ̴. ݴ Ʈ ͷ Ⱓ 20% 24%ر Ǿ. ͷ ϸ Ʈ 5~6%ε ڽƮڴ 2~3%̴. ͷ 10%P̻ ̰ µ, ͷ 2~3%̴. ̴ ڽƮڰ ǸŰ Ƴ鼭 ˶ϰ 츲 ì ִٴ ִ ̱ ϴ.
ڽƮϸ Ȯ ȯå ϴ. ǰ 90, Ÿ ǰ ʰ ʾҴٸ ⺻ ȯ Ͽ ȯ Ʈ .
Ѿ ۷ι Ȯ غ
ռ õ ڽƮڴ ͷ ں ͷ(ROIC) 15%̻ Ҹŭ . ڻ ȿ ϰ ִٴ ̴. ROE 12~13% ʴ. ٷ 繫 ʹ ߽Ͽ ʹ ϰ ־ 繫 ȿ ̴. ä 20% ʴ´. ü ٰԴĿ Ȯϱ Ȯϰų M&A ؾϴ ʿ伺 Ա Ȱϴ 찡 , ڽƮڴ ̷ ʴ´. 帧 ӿ ڽ ÷ ϴ å Աݾ ݸ 31 ̴ ðѾ 10% Ѵ.
̷ ڽƮڰ ϴ ä äǰ ν ں ʰ, űٰ ȸ 鼭 17 (ȭ 2 ) ( 5,600 ȸ) ޱ ̴. ̱ ū μ ̴ ȿ ڸ ߴ.
ݱ ߴٸ, ڽƮڴ ̷ ۷ι Ȯ忡 ȹ̴. ڽƮڴ ̱ 80%, ijٿ 14%, Ÿ(, ȣ, Ϻ, ѱ, 븸) 7% ø ִ. ֱٿ ۷ι Ȯ ǥ ߽ڿ ƽþ Ȯ ̴. ƽþ ѱ Ϻ а ߽ ȹ̰ ߱ ü ȹ Ȳ̴.
Ʈ ƽþ(ѱ/Ϻ) ġ ö , ѱ ڽƮڴ ̱ ã ;ϴ ̱ ǰ Ȥ ĥ ȭǴ ǰ ִ. ƽþ ﱹ ڵް ιȭ ̷鼭 ɼ ٰ . ѱ λ ȿ 2010(8 ) 15,788, 864(ͷ 5.4% ۷ιغ ) 29.7%, 61.5%Ͽ. ؿܿ ȸ δٸ ̴.
ݰ ̱ ؿ 尡ɼ ڽƮڴ ֽĽ忡 翡 ؼ ̾ ް ִ. Ʈ PER 14~15ε, ڽƮڴ 20~21. EV/EBITDA ڽƮڴ 9, Ʈ 7.5 ڽƮڰ ̾ ް ִ. Ʈ ؿ Ȯ ϴ 1990뿡 30~40 PER Ҵ Ͱ ״ Ʈ 强 غ ܼ ϱ ƴ.
ڽƮڿԵ ũ ִ. 1/4 ĶϾ ϰ ־ ΰ , ü 븳 ϱ Ѵ. 2009 ־ īݶ ̷ ʾ īݶ ǰ ߴ ־. ݱ ۸ϻ, Ȩ (, DIY) Ӱ ߾ ϰ ö ִ.
, ִ âڴ 絵 ȸ CEO ġ ȸ縦 ̲ ִ. ̱ üμ Ưϰ Ƴ ϰ, ߰ ȿ شȭϿ ְġ ̷ Ǹ ȭ ִ. ̷ ڽƮڴ ̱ .
ڽƮڿ Ǹ ̻( ۰ſ ( ƹ), ӽ( ȸ) ־ Ȯ ϰ ϰ , Ǹ 濵ڿ ȭ, Ͻ ġֶ ϱ ̴.
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