• ġ, ߱  ַ
  • 20240405_ũ_

[Ƽ] ڿ ȭ

ġڶ (Moat) 信 ϼ ̴ϴ. £ ִ ġ ѷ ٰ ؼ . ó , (Goodwill) ϴ ĻǾϴ. μ ڻ ʰؼ κ ȸ ̶ ϴµ ̴ ŭ ϴ 忡 μ ġ شٴ ǹ( ġ(ڻ) ̻ ϴϱ). ̷ ܼ λ ϵǴ ȸ ϵ Ǿ־, λδ ġ ų پ ְ ˴ϴ. ׷  ġ ߰ ȸ پ ǰ ̱⵵ . ̷ (Economic Goodwill)̶ θ鼭 ȸ (Accounting Goodwill) ؼ մϴ. ٷ (Economic Goodwill) ʳ (Economic Moat) ϰ ˴ϴ.

 

밡鿡 üȭǾ Խϴ. Ϳ ģ ʸ Ǽ ϶ ϴ κе, ü 캼 ִ ̶ ֽϴ. ׽Ÿ ƿ . ( The little book that builds wealth)

 

ǼŰ ϴ 15 ǰ , 濵 κб ƿ츣 ־, ġ ġ ɵ ְ ٷ ֽϴ. ô Ȳ ü ִ ҵ鿡 ü (, Ư, ̼, ȯ, Ʈũ ȿ, , Ը ) ϰ . å ̶ ŭ ֽϴ.

 

׷ ⼭ âڶ ִ  ϰ ִ ñ ϴ.

Consumer franchises are a prime source of economic Goodwill. Other sources include governmental franchises not subject to profit regulation, such as television stations, and an enduring position as the low cost producer in an industry

1983 Shareholder Letter

 

A truly great business must have an enduring moat that protects excellent returns on invested capital. The dynamics of capitalism guarantee that competitors will repeatedly assault any business castle that is earning high returns. Therefore a formidable barrier such as a companys being the low cost producer(GEICO, Costco) or possessing a powerful world-wide brand(Coca-Cola, Gillette, American Express) is essential for sustained success.

2007 Shareholder Letter

 

κ , 1983⿡ ߴ κа 2007⿡ κ ణ ٸٴ ֽϴ. Governmental franchises(ε) µ. ο Ǵ ̵ Ǯ鼭 ġ Դϴ. · Consumer Franchises(powerful world-wide brand) Low cost producer ϴ.

 

Consumer Franchises(Һ ) ؼ ƽô ̶ ϼ ̴ϴ. ϸ 귣带 ϴ ܼ ڷ ġϴ ⼭ Ļ ƴѰ . ϴ 캸, Һ ٵ Low cost producer( ) ° ξ ϴ. POSCO ʳ ͳ׿.(Commodity Ƴ ߿ ٷ ɷ̶ ׻ ̾߱.)

 

·ų 2 Դϴ. մ ߿ Ư, ̼, ȿȭ õ κп 𸣰ڴ ϰ ִٴ Դϴ.

 

Our lack of tech insights, we should add, does not distress us. After all, there are a great many business areas in which Charlie and I have no special capital-allocation expertise. For instance, we bring nothing to the table when it comes to evaluation patents, manufacturing processes or geological prospects. So we simply dont get into judgments in those fields.

1999 Shareholder Letter

 

A moat that must be continuously rebuilt will eventually be no moat at all.

2007 Shareholder Letter

 

2007⵵ κ غ ִµ, view ٰ ϴ. ƹ Ư㳪 ̼ Ⱓ ְ, õ 氡ɼ ̰ ͿԴ ְ.

 

̾߱Ⱑ µ. õ ߿ ָϴ κ ׷ õ ۿ ֽϴ. 2007 ؼ κ , ROIC(Returns on invested capital) شٰ ϴµ. κ ؼ ǹ̵ ϰ ʳ ͽϴ.

 

A truly great business must have an enduring moat that protects excellent returns on invested capital.

2007 Shareholder Letter

 

ROIC شٰ ? Һڵ ̳, ڳ ֵð ڵ ⺻ (Margin) ֽϴ. ׷ ROIC и ̰ .

 

ROIC ظ 캸, ÷̼ ؼ մϴ. Ϳ , 2 밡 ֽϴ. ٷ ÷̼ Դϴ. ġµ , ÷̼ 鿡 Ĩϴ. κ ߰ ־, ڰ ϰ Ǹ ´ κ ߻ϰ Ǵµ, ٷ ÷̼ õ κ ʱ Դϴ.

 

ϴµ ־ ݵ ؾ ٷ Դϴ. ĵ ü ʰų ÿ ʰ Ǹ, ׷ ڸ ȿȭ 鿡 з 뿡 Ǵ . ÷̼ Ȳ Ͽ ð 带 , ؾ ϴ ڻ ݵ ϴ. ÷̼ ٷ ̷ Ư Ȯ ʰ ϰ ϴ ݵ ڱԸ ÷ ֹ Դϴ. ÷̼ Ȳ þ CAPEX ڱ غ ܺο ڱ ؾ ϴ Ȳ ʷϰ ˴ϴ.

 

But, crucially, to bring that about, both businesses probably would have to double their nominal investment in net tangible assets, since that is the kind of economic requirement that inflation usually imposes on business, both good and bad. A doubling of dollar sales means correspondingly more dollars must be employed immediately in receivables and inventories. Dollars employed in fixed assets will respond more slowly to inflation, but probably just as surely. And all of this inflation-required investment will produce no improvement in rate of return. The motivation for this investment is the survival of the business, not the prosperity of the owner.

 

1983 Shareholder Letter

 

ROIC ̷ 鿡 CAPEX δ ÷̼ ̰ܳⰡ մϴ. ROIC ٴ ŵα ԵǾ ڻ ٴ ṉ̀ , ڻ ū ϰ. Ӹ ƴ϶ ÷̼ ̰ܳ ־ Ѵٰ ִ Դϴ.

 

ROIC ٴ ǹ̿ 캸 ϰڽϴ. ROIC ٴ 3 ǹ̰ ִµ. ŵδ ͷ ROIC ɼ ϴ. ͷ ٴ ǰ ְų, ǰ Ͽ ִٴ ǹմϴ. ǰ ִ ̳, ϰ.

 

ͷ ʴ, ڻ ȸ ٸ ROIC ɼ ϴ. ڻ ȸ ٴ Ǹŷ Ѵٴ ̱ , ׸ŭ Ȳ ȣ ְ ִٴ . Ȳ ׷ ȸ ٸ, ɷ̳ ǰ ɼ Դϴ. ׷ Ǹŷ þ Ȳ ߰ ڰ ʿϱ ̷ κ ؼ Դϴ.

 

ROIC ӵǰ ִٸ, CEO ڻ ɷ° ɼ ϴ. âǴ ROIC ν ROIC ϰ ִ . ٸ ֵ鿡 ν ո å ̷ ɼ ϴ.

 

ROIC мϴ ROIC ̾߱ Ȯ ϴ. , ó ǼŰ κе ִٴ ̴ϴ.

 

׷ٸ, 1ε, ROIC Ϳ ū ǹ̰ ٰ ص ϴ. ̴ ڻʸ ؼ 캼 ִµ. ϴ ׺귡ī ۴ó Ʈ(NFM) 1 ƴϾϴ.

 

In its fiscal 1984 10-K, the largest independent specialty retailer of home furnishings in the country, Levitz Furniture, described its prices as generally lower than the prices charged by conventional furniture stores in its trading area.  Levitz, in that year, operated at a gross margin of 44.4% (that is, on average, customers paid it $100 for merchandise that had cost it $55.60 to buy).  The gross margin at NFM is not much more than half of that.  NFMs low mark-ups are possible because of its exceptional efficiency: operating expenses (payroll, occupancy, advertising, etc.) are about 16.5% of sales versus 35.6% at Levitz.

 

None of this is in criticism of Levitz, which has a well-managed operation.  But the NFM operation is simply extraordinary (and, remember, it all comes from a $500 investment by Mrs. B in 1937).  By unparalleled efficiency and astute volume purchasing, NFM is able to earn excellent returns on capital while saving its customers at least $30 million annually from what, on average, it would cost them to buy the same merchandise at stores maintaining

typical mark-ups.  Such savings enable NFM to constantly widen its geographical reach and thus to enjoy growth well beyond the natural growth of the Omaha market.

1984 Shareholder Letter

 

1 (Levitz)µ, NFM Levitz ͷ ݵ ȵǴ ұϰ پ ɷ ROIC ְ ־ϴ. ̷ ɷ ǰ Ǿ, ᱹ 忡 1 ü ϴ. Կ ħ ϴ GEICO , 1 ƴϾϴ. Ư ־, پ 濵 ¹ ȿ ְ ֽϴ. 1 , ROIC ٸ 濵 ɼ ϴ. ȿ ġ ϰ ɼ .

 

մϴ. ִ ɷ ϴ 쵵 , κ Ź 濵 찡 ϴ. ü踦 ϱ ؼ 翡 ŷ ؾ ϴµ, ̷ κ 忡 ġμ ǹ ִ κ ƴұ ͽϴ. ġ Ȳ̴ س ϵ . ( .. ^^;)

 

̷ Scott Fetzer CEO ̿ 򰡸 ִµ. ũŰ Scott Fetzer μϴ 1986 ROE 23.3%(̶ ^^), 8 1994 ROE 87.4% ϰ ˴ϴ. ʿ ں ŸƮϰ ε. ̴ CEO ɷ¿ ̶ 򰡸 մϴ.

 

You might expect that Scott Fetzer's success could only be explained by a cyclical peak in earnings, a monopolistic position, or leverage. But no such circumstances apply. Rather, the company's success comes from the managerial expertise of CEO Ralph Schey, of whom I'll tell you more later.

1994 Shareholder Letter

 

Sees Candy CEO ô 佺 ɷ մϴ. Sees Candy 귣 Ŀ ۿ ô 佺 Ź ū ϰ ִٰ ġϸ մϴ. Sees Candy ǰ ξ ٲٰ ǰ ġ ǿ ϸ鼭 Sees Candy ھ ߴ ̾߱⳪, ٲٴ ǰ Ƽ Ḧ ϴ Ƹٿ(?) Sees Candy 漺  ۿ ϰ ֽϴ. ߽ɿ ô 佺 ǰ ΰ ķ ־ .

 

Buffalo News Դϴ. Ź ϸ鼭( ̸鼭) ͼ ߱, Buffalo News 50% ϸ鼭 ȿȭ ͼ ѳϴ. 50% ̻ ڵ鿡 Buffalo News ġ ִ Ź , ָ Ź Ƴ ˴ϴ.

 

CEO ɷ ġ Կ ־ ݵ ׷ ġ ROIC ġ ȮѴٴ ֽϴ. ƹ ڰ پ ġ ʴ´ٸ ǹ̰ .

 

μ ̷ ϴ. --; ؼ Ѱ ؾ . پ ο ?

 

ȭ ߰ϰ ͽϴ. ̰, ǸԿ ұϰ ڰ з 쵵 ֱ Դϴ. ̶ ش ü ְ, ٺ ȭ ϰ Ѵٸ ִٴ Դϴ.

 

ߴ ũ , Dexter Shoe Company(Ź߻), World Book(), Buffalo News(Ź), US Airway(װ) Ư¡ Ϳ и Ȱ ε. ϳ پ 濵 ־ٴ Դϴ.

 

׷ ұϰ ü ȭ ӿ ڸ Ҿ Դϴ. Ź߻ ؿܿ ԵǴ ǰ £ з Ǿ, CD-ROM̶ , Ź ͳ ̻ մ ܳٸ . װ α Ǯ鼭 Ѱ ô  ˴ϴ. ̷ ̷ ȭ ϰ ־ ұϰ 濵 ο ϰ پ ũ δٴ Դϴ. 濵 иؼ Ϸ ϰ Ǹ, ſ ġߵ Ǵ 輺 ϰ ˴ϴ.

 

I've said many times that when a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for bad economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact. 
1989 Shareholder Letter

 

ٺ 濵 ִ ϶ ִµ, ̴ Ͱ õ ߿ ϳ ƴұ ͽϴ. ٺ 濵ϴ Ӵ ٺ 濵 ִ ϶ κ ãⰡ Դϴ. 1989 ַͿ ǿϴ ׷ ƴ , ŭ 濵 ߿ϰ ϴ ڵ ϴ. ٸ ƹ پ 濵̶ ӿ ü ٲٱ⿡ ̶ Ȯ Դϴ.

 

õ Ϸ غ, ʰ ̳׿. ڸ, 濵 ο, ȯ Ͽ Ǵϸ, ̷ ڴ ROIC Ÿ, ᱹ ÷̼κ ִ õ ȴٴ Դϴ. ߰ ߰ ְ, ǼŴ ο ΰ ִµ , ȯ ο ΰ ʳ ͳ׿. оּż մϴ.

ValueSniper(lynus97@naver.com)




ƮƮ ũα (0) ֱֱ(17)
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 Ѹ ( 16)

  1. μ
    μ | 09.05/21 16:39
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    ִ ۿ źظ ʽϴ. Ź ϰ մϴ. ǽϽð ູϽñ ٶϴ.
    ۾
    • ValueSniper
      ValueSniper | 09.05/22 01:18
      Ժֽô Դϴ.^^ μ Ե ǽϽð ູϼ.
  2. ġھƾ
    ġھƾ | 09.05/21 18:39
    |
    ð ȿ ؼ ȿ DZ ؾ Ѵٰ ϰ ֽϴ.
    ۾
  3. | 09.05/21 18:58
    |
    м̽ʴϴ. մϴ.
    ۾
  4. | 09.05/22 16:03
    |
    ϴ ڿ ؼ ־ϴ.
    ۾
  5. | 09.05/23 21:21
    |
    ٸ մϴ.
    ۾
  6. 77
    77 | 09.05/24 13:29
    |

    ׿.
    ϴ. մϴ.
    ۾
  7. 츮
    | 09.05/29 16:29
    |
    ~~
    ߿ κе̳׿... մϴ
    ۾
  8. | 09.07/02 00:32
    |
    å ߰ϽŰ ϵ帳ϴ.
    ۾
  9. ϸ
    ϸ | 09.07/02 22:03
    |
    ־ϴ. ݱ ؿԴ ڿ 칰
    Ʈ ͼ å ߰ϽŴٴ ҽ ϴ. å ٰ ½ ̱淡 ٷ ̱ оµ մϴ Ϳ û ! մϴ
    ۾
  10. | 09.07/04 09:53
    |
    ۾
  11. ValueSniper
    ValueSniper | 09.07/13 22:18
    |
    ȸ ֽ ںе鲲 帳ϴ.
    ұϰ ּ߰ż մϴ. ū ҵ 帰 ˼۽ ̳׿. īο 帳ϴ. ƴϾ ͽϴ.
    Ͻñ ٶ å Ź帮ڽϴ. մϴ.
    ۾
  12. õ
    õ | 09.07/21 09:02
    |
    ڵ å а ñ ϴ ϴ. α׿ ϰų ӽðԽ Ͻô ? 簡ġ Ŀ ǹ̰ ٰ ô ñմϴ. FCF ̿Ҷ 10 ϰ Ĵ · Ƽ ѱ޼ ߻ع ϴ 2ܰ ϴ...
    ۾
  13. ValueSniper
    ValueSniper | 09.07/21 21:39
    |
    å ټ ָ κ ٺ ñ Ͻô κ ϴ. Խ ȹ ˰ ֽϴ. ؼ.. 忡 ū ΰ ϴ. ںȿ ӵȴٴ ׸ŭ EPS Ѵٴ ǹϴµ. 'ȿ' , κп 簡ġ ؾ Ѵٴ ̼ ϰ ֽϴ. 10Ⱓ Ȳ̳ Ÿ ܺ ҿ 强 ̼ǿ ʰ, 'ںȿ' ؼ ̼ϴ . ڸ ̶ ÷̼ ظŭ ϴٰ , ȮǼ ο ߱⵵(强 ݿ) ϴ ϴ. ٸ 忡 强 ÷̼ ٰ ϴ.

    غ, '' ٶ󺼶, ɷ¿ '强' ݿ 簡ġ ϴ Ǵܵ˴ϴ. Ȳ̳  ްƮ  强 ʴ . ̷ κ ʽ ϴ. ̴ ĺ̰ 'ܵ'͵ ϸƻϴ . ںȿ ϴ ü ϴ ǵ, FCFó 10 ̸ ּ ̼ ʴ ϴ. ɷ ݿϴ Ǵܵ˴ϴ.
    ۾
  14. õ
    õ | 09.07/22 09:29
    |
    ڼ 亯 մϴ. ̹ ںȿ κп ݿǾٰ ְڱ. Խ dz ϰڽϴ..^^
    ۾
  15. ڢ
    ڢ | 09.07/23 10:13
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    ó ְ ϴ Q&A Խ ϴ.

    ñ Խ ̿ Ͻø dz ֽϴ.
    URL : http://www.itooza.com/community/community_sub.htm?ss=08
    ۾
  16. 絹
    | 09.09/04 18:59
    |
    о ϳ Ǵ Ǽ ʹ ٸ.
    ʹʹ մϴ. ^_^
    ۾
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